Level = Intermediate

Copyright 2003 PD,LLC

February 2003

Time and Sales

By Richard Philip Cadway
This Newsletter is not a public release - for members only
The Time & Sales window is used to help us determine if current trades are occurring against the bid or the ask.
 
It is best to use the time and sales window in conjunction with the level 2 screen.
The level 2 window is in gray and the time and sales window is white. Intel is the stock in both windows.
The idea is to watch the level 2 bid and ask prices and the time and sales prices to determine if trades are going against the bid or ask in the level 2 window. If you don't understand how the level 2 works, then you will have a tough time understanding this information. I recommend that you check out a previous newsletter about how the level 2 works. Princeton's TradeTutor teaches all these concepts in a very detailed way using audio and video. This newsletter is only meant to help those with some knowledge, not train beginners.
The graphic the shows trades that have occurred in the time and sales window at the price of 17.00. In the level 2 window you will notice that the ask price is at 17.00. We then make the assumption that buyers are buying on the ask and paying the spread because they want the stock badly. If this buying on the ask continues, the sellers will run out of stock at 17.00 and the price will then move up to 17.01. Realtick allows you to color code the time and sales readout. Typical colors are green for sales on the ask and red for sales on the bid. If the time and sales numbers were 16.99 and red, we would make the assumption that trades were going off against the bid side of the level 2 window indicating that sellers were anxious to sell their stock and once all the buyers sitting on the bid were used up, the price would move down to 16.98.
The time and sales information is not always instantly reported. Market makers have up to 90 seconds to report trades, so you need to be looking for trades that are reported late and not use that information during your analysis.
Because NASDAQ stocks are traded electronically, the majority of trades in the time and sales window are typically reported right away. The trades reported for the NYSE though is a different story. I don't find the time and sales to be of much benefit when trading listed stocks due to the erratic nature of when they are reported.
You should now have a basic idea of how the time and sales window is used. It is also helpful when you want to go back to a certain time and determine at what price the stock was trading and the number of shares that changed hands. Also, if you received a fill away from the market and wanted to have the trade busted, you would check the time and sales to see if your fill was really away from the market price at that particular time.

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